Prelims
a) R1C12 = {18/27/36/45}, no 9
b) R1C89 = {19/28/37/46}, no 5
c) R34C4 = {49/58/67}, no 1,2,3
d) R34C5 = {49/58/67}, no 1,2,3
e) R34C6 = {19/28/37/46}, no 5
f) R67C4 = {17/26/35}, no 4,8,9
g) R67C5 = {19/28/37/46}, no 5
h) R67C6 = {16/25/34}, no 7,8,9
i) R9C12 = {17/26/35}, no 4,8,9
j) R9C89 = {29/38/47/56}, no 1
k) 10(3) cage at R2C8 = {127/136/145/235}, no 8,9
l) 6(3) cage at R3C8 = {123}
m) 20(3) cage at R6C7 = {389/479/569/578}, no 1,2
n) 26(4) cage at R1C3 = {2789/3689/4589/4679/5678}, no 1
1. 45 rule on R1234 2 innies R4C19 = 14 = {59/68}
2. 45 rule on R6789 2 innies R6C19 = 15 = {69/78}
3. 6(3) cage at R3C8 = {123}, CPE no 1,2,3 in R56C8
3a. 45 rule on N6 2 outies R37C8 = 11 = [29/38]
3b. 6(3) cage = {123}, 1 locked for R4 and N6, clean-up: no 9 in R3C6
4. 45 rule on N3 1 innie R3C8 = 1 outie R1C6 + 1, R3C8 = {23} -> R1C6 = {12}
4a. R1C6 + R3C8 = [12/23], CPE no 2 in R1C789 + R23C7 + R3C6, clean-up: no 8 in R1C89, no 8 in R4C6
4b. Max R1C6 = 2 -> min R123C7 = 22, no 1,3,4
4c. 10(3) cage at R2C8 = {127/136/145} (cannot be {235} which clashes with R3C8), 1 locked for N3, clean-up: no 9 in R1C89
4d. 10(3) cage = {127/145} (cannot be {136} which clashes with R1C89), no 3,6
4e. Killer pair 4,7 in R1C89 and 10(3) cage, locked for N3
4f. 8,9 in N3 only in R123C7, locked for C7
4g. R1C12 = {18/27/45} (cannot be {36} which clashes with R1C89), no 3,6 in R1C12
5. 45 rule on C789 2 outies R19C6 = 10 = [19/28]
6. 45 rule on C89 3 outies R456C7 = 9 = {126/135/234}, no 7
6a. 6 of {126} must be in R6C7 -> no 6 in R5C7
6b. 7 in C7 only in R789C7, locked for N9, clean-up: no 4 in R9C89
7. 45 rule on C12 3 outies R456C3 = 10 = {127/136/145/235}, no 8,9
8. 45 rule on C6789 3 innies R258C6 = 18 = {369/378/459/468/567} (cannot be {189} which clashes with R9C6, cannot be {279} which clashes with R19C6), no 1,2
[Since Ed said that JSudoku solved this easily, I’ll try a short forcing chain …]
9. R456C7 (step 6) = {126/135/234}
9a. 45 rule on N3 4 innies R123C7 + R3C8 = 25 = {589}3/{689}2
9b. Consider combinations for R123C7 + R3C8
R123C7 + R3C8 = {589}3, 5 locked for C7 => R4C78 = {12} => R456C7 = {234} (cannot be {126} which clashes with R4C78, CCC)
or R123C7 + R3C8 = {689}2, 6 locked for C7 => R4C78 = {13} => R456C7 = {234} (cannot be {135} which clashes with R4C78, CCC)
-> R456C7 = {234}, locked for C7 and N6
-> R4C8 = 1
10. 4 in N9 only in 12(3) cage at R7C9 = {246/345}, no 1,8,9
10a. R9C89 = {29/38} (cannot be {56} which clashes with 12(3) cage), no 5,6 in R9C89
10b. Killer pair 8,9 in R9C6 and R9C89, locked for R9
11. R6C7 = {34} -> 20(3) cage at R6C7 = {389/479}, no 5,6, 9 locked for C8, clean-up: no 2 in R9C9
11a. 8 of {389} must be in R7C8 (because of interactions between 6(3) cage at R3C8 and R37C8 = 11, step 3a), no 8 in R6C8
[Afmob saw this as [389] clashes with 30(5) cage at R4C9, which is technically simpler.]
11b. 5,6,8 in N6 only in 30(5) cage = {25689/45678}, no 3
11c. Killer pair 7,9 in R6C19 and R6C8, locked for R6, clean-up: no 1 in R7C4, no 1,3 in R7C5
12. 45 rule on C123 2 outies R19C4 = 10 = {37/46}/[82/91], no 5, no 2 in R1C4
13. 45 rule on N1 1 outie R1C4 = 1 innie R3C2 + 2, no 3,8,9 in R3C2
13a. 12(3) cage at R3C2 cannot be 7{23} which clashes with R4C7, no 7 in R3C2, clean-up: no 9 in R1C4, no 1 in R9C4 (step 12)
14. 45 rule on N7 1 innie R7C2 = 1 outie R9C4 + 2, no 1,2,3,7 in R7C2
15. 45 rule on N4 2 outies R37C2 = 10 = [19/28]/{46}, no 5, clean-up: no 7 in R1C4 (step 13), no 3 in R9C4 (step 14)
16. 26(4) cage at R1C3 = {2789/3689/4589/4679} (cannot be {5678} which clashes with R1C12), 9 locked for C3 and N1
[I first saw this combo elimination using hidden killer pair 3,9 for N1, but the clash is simpler.]
17. R1C4 = R3C2 + 2 (step 13) -> R1C4 + R3C2 = [31/42/64/86]
17a. R1C89 = {37/46}, R3C8 = {23}, 3 in N3 only in R1C89 + R3C8 -> combined half cage R1C89 + R3C8 = {37}2/{46}3
17b. R1C4 + R3C2 = [31/64/86] (cannot be [42] which clashes with R1C89 + R3C8, IOD clash), no 4 in R1C4, no 2 in R3C2, clean-up: no 8 in R7C2 (step 15), no 6 in R9C4 (step 12)
[I originally wrote steps 17a and 17b as
Consider placement for 3 in N3
3 in R1C89 = {37} => R3C8 = 2
or R3C8 = 3 => R1C89 = {46}, locked for R1
-> R1C4 + R3C2 = [31/64/86] (cannot be [42], locking out IOD) …]
18. R1C4 + R3C2 (step 17a) = [31/64/86]
18a. 26(4) cage at R1C3 (step 16) = {2789/3689/4589} (cannot be {4679} which clashes with R1C4 + R3C2 = [64], IOD clash)
18b. 26(4) cage = {2789/3689/4589}, CPE no 8 in R1C12, clean-up: no 1 in R1C12
18c. Killer pair 4,7 in R1C12 and R1C89, locked for R1
18d. 1 in R1 only in R1C56, locked for N2, clean-up: no 9 in R4C6
19. R1C12 = {27/45}, R1C89 = {37/46} -> combined cage R1C1289 = {27}{46}/{45}{37}
19a. R1C4 + R3C2 (step 17b) = [31/86] (cannot be [64] which clashes with R1C1289, IOD clash), no 6 in R1C4, no 4 in R3C2, clean-up: no 6 in R7C2 (step 15), no 4 in R9C4 (step 12)
19a. Killer triple 2,3,7 in R9C12, R9C4 and R9C89, locked for R9
20. 12(3) cage at R2C1 = {138/237/345} (cannot be {147/246} which clash with R1C12, cannot be {156} which clashes with R3C2), no 6, 3 locked for N1
21. R1C1289 (step 19) = {27}{46}/{45}{37}, R19C4 (step 12) = [37/82], R19C6 (step 5) = [19/28]
21a. R1C46 = [31/81] (cannot be [32] which clashes with R1C1289, cannot be [82] because R9C46 = [28] clashes with R9C89) -> R1C6 = 1
21b. R1C6 = 1 -> R3C8 = 2 (step 4), R4C7 = 3, R6C7 = 4 -> R67C8 = 16 = [79], R5C7 = 2, R7C2 = 4, R3C2 = 6 (step 15)
21c. 3 in N3 only in R1C89 = [37], R1C4 = 8, R9C4 = 2 (step 12), R9C89 = [83], R9C6 = 9
21d. R1C12 = [45] (only remaining permutation)
21e. Naked triple {279} in R123C3, locked for C3 and N1
[Routine clean-ups omitted from here]
22. R3C2 = 6 -> R4C23 = 6 = [24]
22a. R6C19 (step 2) = {69} (only remaining combination), locked for R6
22b. R7C2 = 4 -> R6C23 = 9 = [81]
22c. R456C3 = 10 (step 7) -> R5C3 = 5, R5C8 = 6, R456C9 = [589], R46C1 = [96]
23. R9C12 = {17} (only remaining combination), locked for R9 and N7, R9C3 = 6, R9C7 = 5, R8C8 = 4
23a. R7C7 = 1 (hidden single in R7), R8C7 = 7 (hidden single in C7)
24. R9C5 = 4, 1 in N8 only in 19(4) cage at R8C4 = {168}4, 6,8 locked for R8 and N8, R7C5 = 7 -> R6C5 = 3
25. R34C4 = [76] (only remaining permutation)
and the rest is naked singles.