Prelims
a) R1C23 = {19/28/37/46}, no 5
b) R23C6 = {15/24}
c) R4C89 = {14/23}
d) R78C1 = {14/23}
e) R78C4 = {29/38/47/56}, no 1
f) R78C6 = {29/38/47/56}, no 1
g) R78C9 = {59/68}
h) R89C5 = {29/38/47/56}, no 1
i) R9C12 = {39/48/57}, no 1,2,6
j) R9C89 = {18/27/36/45}, no 9
k) 9(3) cage at R2C9 = {126/135/234}, no 7,8,9
l) 10(3) cage at R8C7 = {127/136/145/235}, no 8,9
1. 45 rule on N3 1 outie R1C6 = 3, clean-up: no 7 in R1C23, no 8 in R78C6
1a. R1C6 = 3 -> R123C7 = 19 = {289/469/478/568}, no 1
2. 45 rule on N69 1 outie R9C6 = 1, clean-up: no 5 in R23C6, no 8 in R9C89
2a. 1 in N9 only in R7C78 + R8C8, locked for 23(5) cage at R6C8, no 1 in R6C89
2b. 8,9 in N9 only in R7C789 + R8C89, CPE no 8,9 in R6C9
3. Naked pair {24} in R23C6, locked for C6 and N2, clean-up: no 7,9 in R78C6
3a. Naked pair {56} in R78C6, locked for C6 and N8
3b. Naked triple {789} in R456C6, locked for N5
4. 45 rule on N5 2 outies R37C5 = 11 = [74/83/92]
5. 45 rule on N8 2 remaining innies R7C5 + R9C4 = 11 = [29/38/47]
5a. 15(3) cage at R8C3 cannot contain more than one of 7,8,9 -> no 7,8,9 in R89C3
6. 45 rule on N2 3 remaining innies R23C4 + R3C5 = 23 = {689}, locked for N2, 6 also locked for C4 and 29(5) cage at R2C2, no 6 in R2C23 + R3C2, clean-up: no 4 in R7C5 (step 4), no 7 in R9C4 (step 5)
6a. R23C4 + R3C5 = {689}, CPE no 8,9 in R3C2
7. Naked triple {689} in R239C4, locked for C4, clean-up: no 2,3 in R78C4
7a. Naked pair {47} in R78C4, locked for C4 and N8
7b. Naked quad {2389} in R3789C5, locked for C5
8. 15(3) cage at R8C3 = {159/168/258} (cannot be {249/348} which clash with R78C1, cannot be {267/357/456} because R9C4 only contains 8,9), no 3,4 in R89C3
8a. 1 of {168} must be in R8C3 -> no 6 in R8C3
8b. Killer pair 1,2 in R78C1 and 15(3) cage, locked for N7
9. 45 rule on N6 2 innies R6C89 = 10 = {37/46}/[82], no 5,9, no 2 in R6C8
10. 45 rule on N7 3 innies R7C23 + R8C2 = 1 outie R9C4 + 13
10a. Min R9C4 = 8 -> min R7C23 + R8C2 = 21, no 3 in R7C23 + R8C2
10b. The number in R9C4 must also be in R7C23 + R8C2 (only remaining place in N7), R9C4 = {89} -> R7C23 + R8C2 = 21,22 = {489/678/679} (cannot be {579} which doesn’t contain 8, cannot be {589} which clashes with R9C12), no 5 in R7C23 + R8C2
11. 1 in N9 only in R7C23 + R8C3
11a. Hidden killer pair 8,9 in R7C23 + R8C3 and R78C9 for N9, R78C9 contains one of 8,9 -> R7C23 + R8C3 must contain one of 8,9
11b. 45 rule on N6 3 outies R7C23 + R8C3 = 13 = {139/148} (cannot be {157} which doesn’t contain 8 or 9), no 2,5,6,7
12. 45 rule on R6789 2 innies R6C37 = 1 outie R5C1 + 8, IOU no 8 in R6C7
13. 5,9 in N6 only in 30(5) cage at R4C7 = {15789/25689/35679}, no 4
14. Max R3C5 + R4C46 = 22 -> no 1 in R4C5
15. 45 rule on C89 2 innies R5C89 = 1 outie R7C7 + 13
15a. Max R5C89 = 17 -> max R7C7 = 4
15b. Min R5C89 = 14, no 1,2,3 in R5C89
16. Hidden killer quad 1,2,3,4 in R123C7, 30(5) cage at R4C7, R7C7 and R89C7 for C7, 30(5) cage contains one of 1,2,3 in C7, R7C7 = {134}, R89C7 contains one of 2,3,4 -> R123C7 (step 1a) must contain one of 2,4 = {289/469/478}, no 5
16a. 9(3) cage at R2C9 = {126/135} (cannot be {234} which clashes with R123C7), no 4, 1 locked for N3
17. 17(3) cage at R1C8 = {269/278/359/467} (cannot be {368/458} which clash with R123C7)
17a. 3 of {359} must be in R2C8 -> no 5 in R2C8
[I was slow in spotting this 45, which I ought to have seen earlier.]
18. 45 rule on R9 3 outies R8C357 = 12 = {129/138/237/345} (cannot be {147} which clashes with R8C4, cannot be {156} which clashes with R8C6, cannot be {246} because 4,6 only in R8C7), no 6
18a. R8C357 = {129/138/237/345} = [192/183/237/534], no 2 in R8C5, no 5 in R8C7, clean-up: no 9 in R9C5
[I was still finding things hard, and continued with other steps, until I found step 18b which cracks the puzzle, so I’ve re-worked from here.]
18b. R8C357 = [192/183] (cannot be [237/534] because 15(3) cage at R8C3 (step 8) = [258/528] clash with R89C5 = [38], killer combo clashes) -> R8C3 = 1, R8C5 = {89}, R8C7 = {23}, clean-up: no 9 in R1C2, no 4 in R78C1, no 8 in R9C5
18c. Naked pair {23} in R78C1, locked for C1 and N7, clean-up: no 9 in R9C12
19. R9C4 = 9 (hidden single in R9), R9C3 = 5 (cage sum), R8C5 = 8, R9C5 = 3, R7C5 = 2, R78C1 = [32], R8C7 = 3, R9C7 = 6 (cage sum), clean-up: no 8 in R7C9, no 7 in R9C12, no 4 in R9C89
19a. Naked pair {59} in R78C9, locked for C9 and N9 -> R8C8 = 4, R7C78 = [18], R78C4 = [47], clean-up: no 1 in R4C9, no 6 in R6C8, no 2,6 in R6C9 (both step 9)
19b. Naked pair {37} in R6C89, locked for R6 and N6, clean-up: no 2 in R4C89
19c. R4C89 = [14]
20. 7 in C7 only in R123C7, locked for N3
20a. R123C7 (step 16) = {478} (only remaining combination), locked for C7 and N3
21. R5C89 = [68] (hidden pair in N6)
22. Naked triple {679} in R7C23 + R8C3, locked for 33(6) cage at R5C1, no 6,7,9 in R5C1 + R6C12
22a. 45 rule on N7 3 remaining outies R5C1 + R6C12 = 11 = {128/245} -> R6C2 = 2, R56C1 = [18]/{45}, clean-up: no 8 in R1C3
22b. 45 rule on C1 3 innies R569C1 = 17 = {458} (only possible combination) -> R56C1 = {45}, locked for C1 and N4, R9C12 = [84], clean-up: no 6 in R1C3
23. 9(3) cage at R2C9 (step 16a) = {135} (cannot be {126} which clashes with R1C9) -> R3C8 = 5, R23C9 = {13}, locked for C9 and N3 -> R6C89 = [37], R9C89 = [72], R1C9 = 6, clean-up: no 4 in R1C3
24. R5C2 = 1 (hidden single in N4), R1C2 = 8, R1C3 = 2, R12C8 = [92], R23C4 = [42]
25. R2C2 = 5 (hidden single in N1), R23C4 = {68} = 14 -> R2C3 + R3C2 = 10 = {37}, locked for N1, R1C1 = 1
25a. R3C5 = 9, R23C1 = [96], R3C3 = 4, R4C1 = 7
26. R3C5 = 9, R4C6 = 8 -> R4C45 = 7 = [25]
and the rest is naked singles.