Prelims
a) R12C6 = {18/27/36/45}, no 9
b) R5C12 = {39/48/57}, no 1,2,6
c) R5C89 = {16/25/34}, no 7,8,9
d) R89C4 = {59/68}
e) 21(3) cage at R4C3 = {489/579/678}, no 1,2,3
f) 21(3) cage at R6C9 = {489/579/678}, no 1,2,3
g) 9(3) cage at R9C7 = {126/135/234}, no 7,8,9
h) 11(3) cage at R5C6 = {128/137/146/236/245}, no 9 Oops! I overlooked this while solving the puzzle.
1. 45 rule on N1 2 outies R4C12 = 3 = {12}, locked for R4 and N4
2. 45 rule on N9 2 outies R6C89 = 14 = {59/68}
3. 45 rule on R9 3 innies R9C456 = 24 = {789}, locked for R9 and N8
4. 45 rule on N14 2(1+1) outies R5C4 + R7C1 = 16 = [79/88/97]
5. 45 rule on N69 2(1+1) outies R3C9 + R5C6 = 7 = {16/25/34}, no 7,8,9
6. 45 rule on N8 3 outies R6C4 + R78C3 = 10 = {127/136/145/235}, no 8,9
6a. 23(6) cage at R6C4 = {123467} (only remaining combination), no 5
6b. R6C4 + R78C3 = {127} (only remaining combination because no 7 in R7C45 + R8C5), locked for 23(6) cage, CPE no 7 in R6C3
6c. Naked triple {346} in R7C45 + R8C5 = {346}, locked for N8 -> R8C4 = 5, R9C4 = 9, clean-up: no 7 in R7C1 (step 4)
6d. Naked pair {12} in R78C6, locked for C6, clean-up: no 7,8 in R12C6, no 5,6 in R3C9 (step 5)
6e. Min R5C6 = 3 -> max R56C7 = 8, no 8,9 in R56C7
7. 45 rule on N7 3 innies R7C1 + R78C3 = 17 = {179/278}, 7 locked for C3, N7 and 23(6) cage at R6C4, no 7 in R6C4
[From the start I could see that there are interesting interactions between the 21(3) cage at R4C3 and R5C12. Now I can get something from them.]
8. 21(3) cage at R4C3 and R5C12 form a combined 33(5) cage (because their cells “see” each other) = {36789/45789}, 7 locked for R5, 9 locked for N4
9. 25(4) cage at R6C1 = {3679/4579/4678} (cannot be {3589} which clashes with R6C89), 7 locked for R6 and N4, clean-up: no 5 in R5C12
9a. Killer pair 5,6 in 25(4) cage and R6C89, locked for R6
10. R5C4 = 7 (hidden single in R5), R7C1 = 9 (step 4), clean-up: no 3 in R5C2
10a. R5C4 = 7 -> R45C3 = 14 = {59/68}, no 4
10b. Killer pair 8,9 in R45C3 and R5C12, locked for N4
11. R7C1 + R78C3 (step 7) = {179} (only remaining combination) -> R78C3 = {17}, locked for C3, N7 and 23(6) cage at R6C4 -> R6C4 = 2
11a. 1 in C4 only in R123C4, locked for N2
12. 45 rule on N4 2 remaining innies R45C6 = 9 = {36/45}
12a. Naked quad {3456} in R12C6 + R45C6, locked for C6
13. 11(3) cage at R5C6 and R5C89 form combined 18(5) cage (because their cells “see” each other) = {12456} (only remaining combination), no 3, clean-up: no 4 in R3C9 (step 5), no 6 in R4C6 (step 12), no 4 in R5C89
13a. 5,6 cannot both be in R5C789 (which would clash with R6C89) -> R5C6 = {56}, clean-up: no 3 in R3C9 (step 5), no 5 in R4C6 (step 12)
13b. Killer pair 5,6 in R5C89 and R6C89, locked for N6
14. 3 in N6 only in R4C789, locked for R4 -> R4C6 = 4, R5C6 = 5 (step 12), R3C9 = 2 (step 5), clean-up: no 2 in R5C8
14a. Naked pair {16} in R5C89, locked for R5 and N6 -> R56C7 = [24], clean-up: no 8 in R6C89 (step 2)
14b. Naked pair {59} in R6C89, locked for R6 and N6 -> R6C6 = 8, R4C45 = [69], R56C5 = [31], R9C56 = [87], R3C6 = 9
14c. R4C3 = 5 (hidden single in R4), R5C3 = 9 (cage sum)
15. Naked pair {46} in R78C5, locked for C5 and N8 -> R7C4 = 3
15a. R123C4 = {148} = 13, R1C5 = 5 (cage sum), R23C5 = [27]
16. 45 rule on N3 2 remaining innies R23C7 = 9 = {18/36}, no 5
17. 21(3) cage at R6C9 = {489/579} (cannot be {678} because R6C9 only contains 5,9), no 6, 9 locked for C9
18. 5 in N3 only in 18(3) cage at R2C8 = {459/567}, no 1,3,8
18a. 4 in {459} must be in R3C8 (R23C8 cannot be {59} which clashes with R6C8 and 9 only in R2C8), no 4 in R2C89
19. 8 in C3 only in R123C3, locked for N1
20. 2 in N1 only in 17(3) cage at R1C1 = {269/278}, no 1,3,4
20a. 9 of {269} must be in R1C2 -> no 6 in R1C2
21. 12(3) cage at R9C1 = {246/345}, 4 locked for R9 and N7
21a. 9(3) cage at R9C7 = {126/135}, 1 locked for N9
22. 1 in C1 only in 12(3) cage at R2C1 = {147/156} -> R4C1 = 1, R4C2 = 2, R23C1 = [47/56/65], no 3, no 4 in R2C1
22a. Killer pair 6,7 in 17(3) cage at R1C1 and R23C1, locked for N1
22b. 17(3) cage at R1C1 (step 20) = {269/278}
22c. R1C2 = {79} -> no 7 in R1C1
23. 16(3) cage at R1C7 = {178/349} (cannot be {169} which clashes with R23C7, cannot be {367} which clashes with R1C6), no 6
24. 5 in C7 only in R79C7, locked for N9
24a. 9(3) cage at R9C7 = {126/135}
24b. 5 of {135} must be in R9C7 -> no 3 in R9C7
24c. 2 of {126} must be in R9C8 -> no 6 in R9C8
25. 45 rule on R1 2 remaining innies R1C46 = 7 = [16/43], no 8
26. 19(5) cage at R2C2 = {12349/12358}
26a. 1,5,9 only in R23C2 -> R23C2 = {159}
26b. 19(5) cage at R2C2 = {12349/12358}, 3 locked for C3 -> R6C3 = 6
[At this stage I was struggling to make progress, then I found the next two steps; but there was still a lot of hard work after that.]
27. 4 in C9 only in R1C9 or in 21(3) cage at R6C9 = {489} -> no 8 in R1C9 (locking-out cages)
28. 5 in C1 only in R23C1 = {56} or in R9C1 -> no 6 in R9C1 (locking-out cages)
29. 12(3) cage at R9C1 (step 21) = {246/345}
29a. 6 of {246} must be in R9C2, 4 of {345} must be in R9C3 -> no 4 in R9C2
30. R5C2 = 4 (hidden single in C2), R5C1 = 8
31. Hidden killer pair 4,5 in R23C1 and R9C1, R23C1 contains one of 4,5 -> R9C1 = {45}
31a. 12(3) cage at R9C1 (step 21) = {246/345}
31b. 3,6 only in R9C2 -> R9C2 = {36}
32. 16(3) cage at R7C2 = {268/358}
32a. 2 of {268} must be in R8C1 -> no 6 in R8C1
32a. R8C1 = {23} -> no 3 in R8C2
33. 29(5) cage at R6C8 = {24689/25679/34589} (cannot be {23789/34679/35678} which clash with 9(3) cage at R9C7)
33a. Consider combinations for 29(5) cage
29(5) cage = {24689/34589}, 4 locked for N9
or 29(5) cage = {25679} must have 5 in R6C8 (because 21(3) cage at R6C9 is 9{48}) and 6 in R7C78 (R7C78 cannot be [72] which clashes with R7C36, ALS block) => R7C5 = 4 => no 4 in R7C9
-> no 4 in R7C9
34. 21(3) cage at R6C9 (step 17) = {489/579}
34a. R7C9 = {78} -> no 7,8 in R8C9
35. R23C7 (step 16) = {18/36}, R23C1 (step 22) = [47/56/65]
35a. Consider combinations for 18(3) cage at R2C8 (step 18) = {459/567}
18(3) cage = {459} = [954] => R23C1 = [65], R2C6 = 3 => R23C7 = {18}
or 18(3) cage = {567}, locked for N3 => R23C7 = {18}
-> R23C7 = {18}, locked for C7 and N3
36. 16(3) cage at R1C7 (step 23) = {349} (only remaining combination), locked for R1 and N3 -> R1C4 = 1, R12C6 = [63], 17(3) cage at R1C1 = [278], R23C3 = [43], R8C1 = 3, R9C2 = 6, R9C3 = 2, R9C7 = 5
37. 6 in C7 only in R78C7, locked for N9
37a. 29(5) cage at R6C8 (step 33) = {25679} (only remaining combination, cannot be {24689} because 2,4,8 only in R78C8), no 4,8 -> R6C8 = 5
37b. Naked triple {127} in R7C368, locked for R7 -> R7C79 = [68]
and the rest is naked singles.