That makes three of us who found A224 a really challenging puzzle. It's certainly at the top end for a V1 Assassin. Thanks Ed for an Assassin which makes one think hard!
Congratulations to Ed for solving it without using chains!
I'll be interested to see what your 6 advanced steps were.
Like manu I also used two forcing chains but not the same ones. I enjoyed manu's walkthrough; don't think I'm giving anything away when I say that he had some neat logic for the 40(7) cage.
There were times when I only managed to find two or three steps in a day, then yesterday I managed to make real progress.
Here is my walkthrough for A224
Prelims
a) R12C1 = {18/27/36/45}, no 9
b) R12C2 = {59/68}
d) R1C34 = {14/23}
e) R1C67 = {59/68}
f) R4C67 = {19/28/37/46}, no 5
g) R45C9 = {12}
h) R56C8 = {17/26/35}, no 4,8,9
i) R6C23 = {18/27/36/45}, no 9
j) R78C5 = {19/28/37/46}, no 5
k) R9C12 = {39/48/57}, no 1,2,6
l) R9C89 = {17/26/35}, no 4,8,9
m) 11(3) cage at R3C7 = {128/137/146/236/245}, no 9
n) 8(3) cage at R4C4 = {125/134}
o) 19(3) cage at R5C6 = {289/379/469/478/568}, no 1
p) 28(4) cage at R7C2 = {4789/5689}, no 1,2,3
Steps resulting from Prelims
1a. Naked pair {12} in R45C9, locked for C9 and N6, clean-up: no 8,9 in R4C6, no 6,7 in R56C8, no 6,7 in R9C8
1b. Naked pair {35} in R56C8, locked for C8 and N6, clean-up: no 7 in R4C6, no 3,5 in R9C9
1c. Caged X-Wing for 1 in 8(3) cage at R4C4 and R45C9, no other 1 in R45, clean-up: no 9 in R4C7
2. 45 rule on C12 2 innies R67C2 = 6 = [15/24], clean-up: R6C3 = {78}
2a. 28(4) cage at R7C2 = {4789/5689}, R7C2 = {45} -> no 4,5 in R7C34 + R8C4
2b. 28(4) cage at R7C2 = {4789/5689}, CPE no 8,9 in R7C56, clean-up: no 1,2 in R8C5
3. 45 rule on R12 1 outie R3C9 = 1 innie R2C3 + 6, R2C3 = {123}, R3C9 = {789}
4. 45 rule on R9 2 outies R8C37 = 11 = {29/38/47/56}, no 1
5. 45 rule on R789 2 outies R6C19 = 14 = [59]/{68}
5a. 4 in N6 only in R4C78 + R56C7, CPE no 4 in R3C7
5b. Min R6C1 = 5 -> max R7C1 + R8C12 = 11, no 9 in R7C1 + R8C12
6. Hidden killer pair 1,2 in R6C2 and R6C456 for R6, R6C2 = {12} -> R6C456 must contain one of 1,2
6a. 40(7) cage at R3C5 = {1456789/2356789} only contains one of 1,2 -> no 1,2 in R3C56 + R45C5
6b. 8(3) cage at R4C4 = {125/134}
6c. 5 of {125} must be in R5C4 (R45C4 cannot be {12} which clashes with R6C456, R5C34 cannot be {12} which clashes with R5C9) -> no 5 in R4C4 + R5C3, no 2 in R5C4
7. 45 rule on C1234 2 innies R26C4 = 11 = {29/38/47/56}, no 1
8. Hidden killer quad 1,2,3,4 for N4, 17(3) cage at R4C1 contains one of 2,3,4, R5C3 = {1234}, R6C2 = {12} -> R4C23 must contain one of 2,3,4
8a. Killer quad 1,2,3,4 in R4C23, R4C4, R4C67 and R4C9, locked for R4
8b. Killer quint 1,2,3,4,5 in 17(3) cage at R4C1, R5C34, R5C8 and R5C9, locked for R5
9. 19(3) cage at R5C6 = {469/478} -> R6C7 = 4, clean-up: no 7 in R2C4 (step 7), no 6 in R4C6, no 7 in R8C3 (step 4)
10. 11(3) cage at R3C7 = {128/137/146/236} (cannot be {245} because R4C8 only contains 6,7,8), no 5
10a. R4C8 = {678} -> no 6,7,8 in R3C78
11. 45 rule on C89 2 innies R27C8 = 1 outie R3C7 + 14
11a. R3C7 = {123} -> R27C8 = 15,16,17 = {69/78/79/89}, no 1,2,4
12. 45 rule on C9 3 outies R189C8 = 12 = {129/147/246}, no 8
12a. R89C8 cannot total 8, which would give CCC with R9C89 -> no 4 in R1C8
12b. 4 of {147/246} must be in R8C8 -> no 6,7 in R8C8
13. 25(4) cage at R1C8 = {3589/3679/4579/4678} (cannot be {1789} which clashes with R69C9, ALS block, cannot be {2689} which clashes with R6C9), no 1,2
[Note. R1C89 cannot total 14 which clashes with R1C2 and R1C67 in R1, CCC clash, so R23C9 cannot total 11. This might be useful later.]
13a. R389C8 = {124} (hidden triple in C8)
14. Hidden killer quad 1,2,3,4 for N3, 25(4) cage at R1C8 contains one of 3,4, R3C7 = {123}, R3C8 = {124} -> R2C7 must contain one of {123} -> R2C7 = {123}
15. 17(3) cage at R2C6 = {179/269/278/359/368} (cannot be {458/467} because R2C7 only contains 1,2,3), no 4
15a. R2C7 = {123} -> no 1,2,3 in R2C6
16. 45 rule on N89 3 innies R789C4 = 1 outie R6C9 + 13
16a. Min R6C9 = 6 -> min R789C4 = 19, no 1 in R9C4
17. 5,6,7,8,9 in N3 only in R1C7, 25(4) cage at R1C8 and R2C8
17a. 25(4) cage = {3589/3679/4579/4678} (step 13) -> R1C7 + R2C8 = [58/59/67/68/86], no 9 in R1C7, clean-up: no 5 in R1C6
[I hope Ed doesn’t consider this step to be a chain.]
18. 45 rule on N4 4 innies R4C23 + R5C3 + R6C1 = 19 = {1369/1459/1468/2359/2467/3457} (cannot be {1279/1378/1567/2368/2458} which clash with R6C23
18a. 5 of {1459/2359/3457} must be in R6C1 -> no 5 in R4C23
19. 45 rule on N7 2 innies R7C23 = 2(1+1) outies R6C1 + R9C4 + 1
19a. Max R7C23 = 14 -> max R6C1 + R9C4 = 13 -> max R9C4 = 8
20. 3 in R6 only in R6C4568
20a. 45 rule on R6789 4 remaining innies R6C4568 = 18 = {1359/1368/2367} (cannot be {2358} which clashes with R6C23, other combinations don’t contain 3)
20b. 3 of {1359} must be in R6C8 (R6C456 cannot be {139} because 40(7) cage at R3C5 cannot contain both of 1,3, step 6a), 3 of {1368/2367} must be in R6C8 -> R6C8 = 3, R5C8 = 5, clean-up: no 8 in R2C4 (step 7)
20c. 5 in N4 only in R46C1, locked for C1, clean-up: no 4 in R12C1, no 7 in R9C2
20d. 5 in N5 only in R4C5 + R6C456, locked for 40(7) cage at R3C5, no 5 in R3C56
[I’d seen step 20a for some time but only just spotted step 20b.]
21. 8(3) cage at R4C4 = {134} (only remaining combination), no 2
22. Hidden killer quad 1,2,3,4 for N1, R12C1 contains one of 1,2,3, R1C3 = {1234}, R2C3 = {123} -> R3C123 must contain one of 1,2,3,4
22a. Killer quad 1,2,3,4 in R3C123, 40(7) cage at R3C5 (step 6a) must contain one of 3,4 in R3C56, R3C7 and R3C8, locked for R3
23. Hidden killer quad 1,2,3,4 for N2, R1C4 = {1234}, R3C56 contains one of 3,4 -> 12(3) cage at R1C5 must contain two of 1,2,3,4 = {129/138/147/237/246} (cannot be {156} which only contains one of 1,2,3,4, cannot be {345} which clashes with R3C56), no 5, clean-up: no 6 in R6C4 (step 7)
24. R6C4568 (step 20a) = {1359/1368/2367} -> R6C456 = {159/168/267}
24a. 8 of {168} must be in R6C4 -> no 8 in R6C56
25. R1C34 = {14/23}, 8(3) cage at R4C4 = {134} -> either 1,4 locked for C34 or 3 locked for C34
25a. 19(4) cage at R2C3 = {1279/1459/1468/1567/2359/2368/2458/2467} (cannot be {1369/1378/3457} because R234C3 cannot contain both of 1,3 or both of 3,4)
25b. 19(4) cage = {1279/1459/1468/1567} => 1 locked for C3 and 3 locked by X-Wing in R1C34 + 8(3) cage at R4C4 for C34
or 19(4) cage = {2359/2368} => 3 locked for C3 and 1 locked by X-Wing in R1C34 + 8(3) cage at R4C4 for C34
or 19(4) cage = {2458/2467}, 2,4 locked for C3 => R15C3 = {13}, locked for C3
-> no 1,3 in R89C3; clean-up: no 8 in R8C7 (step 4)
[Definitely a forcing chain this time.]
26. 16(3) cage at R8C3 = {259/268/367/457} (cannot be {358} which clashes with R9C12, cannot be {349} = {49}3 which clashes with R7C2 + R9C12)
26a. 3 of {367} must be in R9C4, 7 of {457} must be in R9C3 (R89C3 cannot be {45} which clashes with R7C2) -> no 4 in R9C3, no 7 in R9C4
27. Hidden killer triple 3,4,5 in R7C2, R9C12 and the rest of N7, R7C2 = {45}, R9C12 contains one of 3,4,5 -> the rest of N7 must contain one of 3,4,5
27a. 1 in N7 only in 16(4) cage at R6C1 = {1258/1267/1357/1456} (cannot be {1348} = 8{134} because 16(4) cage cannot contain both of 3,4 in N7)
27b. Consider the combinations for R12C2
R12C2 = {59}, locked for C2, no 5 in R8C2
or R12C2 = {68} => R12C1 = {27}, locked for C1 => 2 of 16(4) cage = {1258} must be in R8C2
-> no 5 in R8C2
27c. 5 of 16(4) cage = {1258} must be in R6C1 -> no 8 in R6C1, clean-up: no 6 in R6C9 (step 5)
28. 17(3) cage at R4C1 = {269/359/368/458/467} (cannot be {278} which clashes with R6C3)
28a. Killer pair 5,6 in 17(3) cage and R6C1, locked for N4
29. Hidden killer quad 6,7,8,9 in 16(4) cage at R6C1, R7C3, R89C3 and R9C12 for N7, 16(4) cage contains one of 6,7,8 in N7, R7C3 = {6789}, R9C12 contains one of 7,8,9 -> R89C3 must contain one of 6,7,8,9
29a. 16(3) cage at R8C3 (step 26) = {259/268/457} (cannot be {367} which contains both of 6,7 in R89C3), no 3
30. 4 in N9 only in 21(4) cage at R6C9 = {1479/2469/3459/3468} (cannot be {2478} which clashes with R9C89)
30a. R6C9 = {89} -> no 8,9 in R78C9
30b. Hidden killer pair 3,4,5 in 25(4) cage at R1C8 and 21(4) cage at R6C9 for C9
30c. 25(4) cage at R1C8 (step 13) = {3589/4579/4678} (cannot be {3679} because 21(4) cage cannot contain both of 4,5 in C9)
31. R789C4 = R6C9 + 13 (step 16)
31a. R6C9 = {89} -> R789C4 = 21,22, no 2 in R9C4
31b. 16(3) cage at R8C3 (step 29a) = {259/268/457}
31c. 5 of {259} must be in R9C4, 7 of {457} must be in R9C3 -> no 5 in R9C3
[With hindsight the breakthrough in step 37 has been available from here, or even earlier if I’d seen this step next after step 27. I could have finished this puzzle a day earlier if I’d spotted it immediately.]
32. 45 rule on N9 5(1+4) outies R6C9 + R78C6 + R9C56 = 22
32a. R6C9 = {89} -> R78C6 + R9C56 = 13,14, no 9 in R8C6 + R9C56
33. 45 rule on N14 3 outies R1345C4 = 1 innie R6C1 + 7
33a. R6C1 = {56} -> R1345C4 = 12,13 = {1236/1245/1237/1246/1345} -> R3C4 = {567}
33b. R145C4 cannot be 2{14}, because R15C3 cannot be [33] -> R1345C4 = {1236/1237/1345}, 3 locked for C4, clean-up: no 8 in R6C4 (step 7)
[I tried to find a better way to explain step 33b, but couldn’t think of one.]
34. 8 in C4 only in R789C4, locked for N8, clean-up: no 2 in R7C5
34a. R789C4 = 21,22 (step 31a) = {489/589/678}
34b. 4,5 of {489/589} must be in R9C4, 8 of {678} must be in R78C4 (R78C4 cannot be {67} because 28(4) cage at R7C2 only contains one of 6,7) -> no 8 in R9C4
34c. 8 in C4 only in R78C4, locked for 28(4) cage at R7C2, no 8 in R7C3
35. 16(3) cage at R8C3 (step 31b) = {259/268/457}
35a. 6 of {268} must be in R9C4 -> no 6 in R89C3
36. 45 rule on C12 1 outie R6C3 = 1 innie R7C2 + 3
36a. 28(4) cage at R7C2 = {4789/5689}
36b. 7 of {4789} must be in R78C4 (R7C23 cannot be [47] which clashes with R7C2 + R6C3), no 7 in R7C3
37. 16(3) cage at R8C3 (step 31b) = {259/268/457}
37a. 16(4) cage at R6C1 (step 27a) = {1258/1357/1456} (cannot be {1267} which clashes with 16(3) cage at R8C3) -> R6C1 = 5, R6C9 = 9 (step 5), clean-up: no 2,6 in R2C4 (step 7)
37b. R4C5 = 5 (hidden single in R4)
37c. 6 in R6 only in R6C56, locked for N5 and 40(7) cage at R3C5, no 6 in R3C56
38. R6C3 = 8 (hidden single in R6), R6C2 = 1, R7C2 = 5 (step 2), clean-up: no 7 in R9C1
38a. 28(4) cage at R7C2 = {5689} (only remaining combination), no 7
39. R789C4 (step 34a) = {489/589}, no 6, 9 locked for C4, N8 and 28(4) cage at R7C2 -> R7C3 = 6, R2C4 = 4, R6C4 = 7 (step 7), R9C4 = 5, R3C4 = 6, clean-up: no 8 in R1C7, no 1 in R7C5, no 4 in R8C5
40. Naked pair in R45C4, locked for C4, N5 and 8(3) cage at R4C4 -> R5C3 = 4, R1C4 = 2, R1C3 = 3
41. R4C6 = 4 (hidden single in N5), R4C7 = 6, R1C7 = 5, R1C6 = 9, R5C67 = [87], R5C5 = 9, R4C8 = 8, clean-up: no 6 in R1C1, no 6,7 in R2C1, no 9 in R2C2
41a. Naked pair {68} in R12C2, locked for C2 and N1, clean-up: no 1 in R12C1, no 4 in R9C1
42. R12C1 = [72], R2C3 = 1, R2C7 = 3, R4C1 = 9, clean-up: no 3 in R9C2
43. 19(4) cage at R2C3 (step 25a) = {1567} (only remaining combination) -> R34C3 = [57]
44. R3C56 = [83], R3C12 = [49], R4C2 = 3 (cage sum), R9C2 = 4, R9C1 = 8, R3C9 = 7, R9C9 = 6, R9C8 = 2
and the rest is naked singles.
I don't think I've ever used so many hidden killer quads before. Maybe after finding the first one I got into the habit of looking for more of them.
Rating Comment. I'll rate my walkthrough for A224 at very, very Hard 1.5 but I'm reluctant to go any higher, even though I found it hard to spot a lot of my steps.